1. BACKGROUND
In spring, the vines whose buds are still incipient in their development are at the optimal time to be treated against fungal pathogens, by using some direct fungicide o fungistatic.
For this purpose, it is important to take into account the pruning methods applied, since this It will depend on whether or not there is heterogeneous sprouting., as well as the measurement of meteorological variables that contribute to the spread of the disease in this late budding, since all of this will determine the number of preventive applications that, in normal situations, are usually two, separated by about 2 days.
2. DISEASES TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT
2.1. Powdery mildew (Uncinula Necator Burr)
El powdery mildew of the vine may appear at early dates.
This is protected during the winter in the buds, making its symptoms visible in the coming days.
Temperature, humidity, and ventilation are key variables in the propagation of this fungus, with the optimal temperature range being between 25ºC and 28ºC, the average temperatures we will reach during this time.
Es It is important to control its development from preventive phases, to prevent its maximum spread to fruiting phenologies, since it not only attacks leaves and shoots, but also the latter stopping the normal growth of the grain, which can cause it to crack and therefore cause direct damage to the quality and quantity of production.
Source: Vitivinicultura.net
As for its classic control, using potassium permanganate, a direct and temporary action, it was limited, and preventive control measures were chosen in addition to sulfur treatments, which would allow for a more prolonged action and would not be susceptible to being washed away by the possible rains mentioned at this time.
2.2. Mildew (Plasmopara viticola)
This internally developing fungus begins its activity in early stages of vegetative development which can prevent proper development, resulting in the total loss of crops, being very complicated to combat Once standardized, and hence also the control recommendations from preventive phases (from sprouting to San Juan) using products with systemic activity, programming a combined strategy of combined assets.
In view of the above, We are in a time of not being careless, since, if treatment is started upon sighting the first spotting, it can also resist fruiting phenologies and, as we have mentioned, generate losses of up to 100% of production.
In organic viticulture, treatments against mildew must be timely, rapid, and even take advantage of small clearings. Therefore, The winemaker must be available to treat at any time.
3. SYSTEMIC AND SEMI-SYSTEMIC CONTROL MEANS – KNOWING THE ELICITORS
The elicitors They are active as oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, peptides and lipids that promote defense responses when applied to plant tissues.
Once applied, they generate a hypersensitive response that leads to the self-production of reactive oxygen species, structural changes in the cell wall and the biocamulation of self-defense proteins (Pathogenesis Response Proteins, PR-Proteins), as well as the synthesis of phytoalexins, lignin, callose and phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL), chitanase, glucanase, peroxidase (POD) and chitosanase. (Vander et al., 1998; Ben-Shalom et al., 2003).
Focusing on the activity of PAL, it catalyzes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid, releasing ammonia. This reaction is a key component of primary and secondary metabolism in the plant kingdom because, in a given tissue, the levels of this enzyme can fluctuate significantly over relatively short time intervals in response to a wide variety of stimuli and under certain conditions. (Hammerschmidt, 1999). PAL activity is considered to be the rate-limiting pathway for the phenylpropanoid metabolism in the production of phenolic structures and phytoalexins in some species. (Hadwiger and Loschke, 1981)This enzyme is also involved in the direct synthesis of salicylic acid via benzoic acid which is considered an important signal in the amplification of systemic defensive responses in plants (Yalpani et al., 1993; Pallas et al., 1996).
The extensive demonstration and experiences in the use of this class of assets It has been shown that they induce or inhibit different biochemical activities during plant-pathogen interaction, improving tolerance to a wide variety of phytopathogens, which indicates that the use of these compounds as a natural inducer can be exploited in sustainable agriculture.
4. Integrated Strategy: SPIRALIS ECO Long Life + CULTISAN
Objective:
Combining SPIRALIS ECO Long Life y CULTISAN seeks to maximize the benefits of both products, offering a complete solution that:
- Reduces fungal incidence by 56.8%
- Strengthens plants against various stress factors and pathogens
Benefits of each product:
-
SPIRALIS ECO Long Life:
- Act like stress reliever
- Extends the life of the fruit
- Increase self-defense of the plant
- Extend the service life of cultivation
-
CULTISAN:
- Improves vegetative development
- Strengthens the root system
- Increase resistance to infections
The strategy optimizes the health and longevity of plants, improving their ability to self defense and resistance to obtain vines healthier and more protected.